Basic Surveying is a fundamental branch of civil engineering that deals with the measurement, mapping, and analysis of the Earth’s surface to determine the positions, distances, angles, and elevations of different points. It provides essential data for planning, designing, and constructing engineering projects such as roads, bridges, buildings, drainage systems, and land developments.

The process involves using various surveying instruments and techniques—such as tapes, levels, theodolites, and total stations—to collect accurate field measurements. The collected data are then processed to produce maps, plans, and layouts that guide engineers and architects during project implementation.

Basic surveying also emphasizes understanding errors, accuracy, and precision in measurement to ensure reliable results. It forms the foundation for advanced surveying disciplines, including geodetic, hydrographic, and engineering surveying.