CONCLUSION: 

In conclusion, acids and bases are essential chemical concepts with wide-ranging applications. Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺), while bases release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solutions. Understanding pH and pOH helps measure their strengths, and titration enables precise determination of their molarity. Mastering these principles is crucial for analyzing chemical reactions, solving real-world problems, and advancing in fields like medicine, agriculture, and environmental science.

REFERENCE:

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Yun, T. Y., & Chandler, B. D. (2023). Surface hydroxyl chemistry of titania-and alumina-based supports: quantitative titration and temperature dependence of surface Brønsted acid–base parameters. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(5), 6868-6876.

Dias, L. G., Duarte, L. C., Pinheiro, K. M., Moreira, N. S., & Coltro, W. K. (2023). Distance-based paper microfluidics as environmentally friendly platforms for monitoring acid-base titrations. Talanta Open, 7, 100216.

Clark, T. M., Anderson, E., Dickson-Karn, N. M., Soltanirad, C., & Tafini, N. (2023). Comparing the Performance of College Chemistry Students with ChatGPT for Calculations Involving Acids and Bases. Journal of Chemical Education, 100(10), 3934-3944.

Dilmuradovna, J. S. (2024). Titration of Rare Metals with DMGO Solutions in Non-Aqueous Media. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN NONFORMAL EDUCATION, 4(3), 88-89.